Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common disease in the world, which is caused by Lishmania protozoa. Protective procedures, such as vaccination were not successful so far. Leishmania parasites secret some proteinous products which some of them has enzymatic activity. These enzymes could play a role in some biological function in parasites life cycle. Aims of this study were to detect proteins excreted/secreted in parasite culture. The promastigote forms of the parasite were cultured in RPMI 1640 containing 10% FCS and antibiotics at 22°C. Forth passage parasites were transferred to RPMI without FCS and antibiotics. After 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours, using centrifugation and filters of 0.22µ the E/S products was separated. Activity of Acid Phosphatase (ACP) and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) were detected and measured in E /S products. Activity of AChE was negative at zero time, but increased after 6 hrs and reached plateau after 24 hrs, and then decreased after this time. Activity of ACP at zero time was very low but reached to maximum levels at 6 hrs and declined after wards. Using SDS-PAGE three protein bands were seen, which corresponded to and 130, 110 and 75 KD. Probably these bonds are related to ACP. We hope these EIS enzymes could play some role in future vaccination and immunization of cutaneous leishmaniasis.      

Mixed aerobic and anoxic conditions, in addition to substrate versatility, provide a wide range of microhabitats and niches for a large number of microbial species including bacterian yeasts and filamentous fungi. Among them, study of environmental yeast species, especially those producing secretory catabolic enzymes, can be of a great importance. After enrichment of water and soil samples and their cultivation on antibiotic supplemented YPG Agar, 46 isolates were obtained. Most of the isolates were capable of producing nucleases and sterases. Using cup plate method revealed that strains SA044 and SA006 were able to produce the greatest number of secretory enzymes. Production of at least one secretory amylase, protease, nuclease and lipase was recorded in one or both of these isolates. Production of secretory keratinase, cellulose, phytase, xylanase, chitinase and pectinase was not observed. Using molecular approach and phenotypic examinations, the isolates SA044 and SA006 were identified as Pseudozyma aphidis and Pseudozyma antarctica respectively.

Introduction: Mammary Analogue Secretory Carcinoma of salivary glands (MASC) is a low-grade carcinoma of salivary glands of the head-neck region. It bears histological resemblance to Secretory Carcinoma of the breast and Acinic Cell Carcinoma (ACC) of the parotid gland. Its clinical behaviour and aggressiveness vary amongst individuals and experience in MASC of the submandibular gland are limited. Case Report: We report a 16-year-old female with binary neck swelling in the submandibular region. The hard swelling in the submandibular region was a MASC and the soft cystic mass was a synchronous congenital lymphatic cyst in the neck. We report two unusual features, an extremely rare involvement of MASC of submandibular salivary gland and the presence of a congenital lymphatic cyst in the area adjacent to the main tumour mass. Treatment was done by surgical excision of both the neck masses intoto and ipsilateral selective neck dissection (Level I-IV). Conclusions: While MASC's histological pattern has been described in previous studies, its clinical picture is rarely documented. This report aims to shed light on the clinical presentation of this under-diagnosed entity and the aggressive management protocol required during preoperative workup, intraoperative disease clearance and post-operative follow up of such patients. MASC of the submandibular salivary gland is an uncommon cause of neck swelling in the adolescent age group, but due to its occasional aggressive nature, should be borne in mind as a possible differential diagnosis of salivary gland tumours.